A zabuton is a flat, rectangular meditation cushion or floor mat traditionally placed underneath a zafu. Rather than elevating the hips, its primary purpose is to cushion the parts of the body that rest directly on the floor, particularly the knees, ankles, and feet. A zabuton is generally larger than a zafu and is commonly square or rectangular, with traditional versions often filled with cotton and covered with a durable fabric. Modern meditation zabutons are available in a variety of sizes, thicknesses, and materials.
The zafu and zabuton are traditionally used together in Zen meditation and zazen. The zafu provides the elevated seat while the zabuton creates a cushioned surface underneath the legs and feet. This combination is particularly useful when sitting on a hard floor for an extended period. Although strongly associated with Zen practice, zabutons are now also used with other meditation cushions, benches, and floor-seating arrangements. A zabuton can also be used by itself as a comfortable floor cushion for sitting or kneeling.